Legal protection for workers in the free zones
4 Mohammed Ibrahim
Department of Public Law - College of law - Tikrit University
Abstract
The system of "export processing zones, industrial zones, or free zone is a prominent issue, as more than 50 million workers are currently employed in such areas worldwide, as many concerns have been filled because these areas sometimes give exceptions to national labor laws Or, there are obstacles to exercising rights in practice, and they also make countries immersed in the competition of foreign investment, which leads to harmful policies on taxes and subsidies, by their nature, closely related to the global economy, but they often have few links with national economies. That you work in, Then they create confined international entities. Consequently, various tax exemptions can be considered, especially in industrial areas, export processing zones, and free zones, as matters that increase irregular activities by exempting companies from the obligations determined by national legislation, to meet policies that benefit the rest of the economy, and in many cases it was considered that capital The foreigner employs workers in inappropriate conditions and exports products to other countries, which brings little benefit to the host countries, if not harmful in terms of pressure on working conditions under the banner of competitive increase. Also, one of the things recorded on the scope of the research is that the wages of this workforce are low compared to its counterparts abroad to encourage investors, and that some host countries attend trade union representation in free zones, which entails violations of some of the rights of workers, which led the International Labor Organization to state that Urbanization is a violation of international agreements. Ultimately, we find that the International Labor Organization has recognized that fundamental rights of workers have been violated in export processing areas in an organized manner, as there is evidence condemning the exploitation of workers in those areas, and this is supported by special legislation restricting accession to unions or the right to collective bargaining or the right to The strike, but there are other cases in which local labor laws apply to those areas, but government officials and employers conspire to ban trade union activity, causing a waste of the most basic labor rights in those areas. Therefore, the research problem lies in the existence of a legislative vacuum for workers in the export processing zones or industrial zones, or the free zone, which falls under the concept of the special economic zone, which wasted labor rights in those areas, which makes them work outside the framework of the Labor and Social Security Law or the investment laws regulating this, and therefore classified As one of the marginalized and excluded groups that work in the context of the informal economy, we need legislative protection that protects workers working in these areas.
Keywords
Legal protection, workers / EEZs, free processing, export processing
